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Stephan Farffler
Stephan Farffler (1633 – October 24, 1689〔("A Brief History of the Tricycle" ). Retropedalcars.com. Retrieved 2012-12-02.〕) was a Nuremberg watchmaker of the seventeenth century whose invention of a manumotive carriage in 1655 is widely considered to have been the first self-propelled wheelchair. The three-wheeled device is also believed to have been a precursor to the modern-day tricycle and bicycle.〔"Medical Innovations - Wheelchair," ''Science Reporter, Volume 44'', 2007, 397.〕
Farffler, who was either a paraplegic〔Jane Bidder, ''Inventions We Use to Go Places'' (London: Franklin Watts, 2006, 18)〕〔Rory A. Cooper, Hisaichi Ohnabe, and Douglas A. Hobson, ''An Introduction to Rehabilitation Engineering'' (Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2007, 131〕 or an amputee,〔Clive Richardson, ''Driving, the development and use of horse-drawn vehicles'' (B. T. Batsford, 1985, 136)〕 also created a device for turning an hourglass at regular intervals and added chimes to the clocktower of Altdorf bei Nürnberg.〔Frederick James Britten et al., ''Britten's old clocks and watches and their makers'' (E. Methuen, 1973, 391)〕
== Notes and references ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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